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Da molti anni i materiali in plastica sono presenti nelle nostre attività quotidiane e rappresentano una quota consistente dei rifiuti prodotti, e spesso abbandonati. Oltre a causare inquinamento ambientale, con contaminazione del mare, del suolo e dell’aria, i frammenti più piccoli, definiti microplastiche e nanoplastiche, penetrano nell’organismo soprattutto con gli alimenti che consumiamo, con l’acqua e le bevande in bottiglia di plastica, per contatto con tessuti sintetici, con giocattoli in plastica, con cosmetici, e determinano danni alla salute.

Le numerose sostanze chimiche contenute nelle microplastiche possono causare:

  • Interferenza endocrina, con effetti negativi sulla fertilità maschile e femminile
  • Effetti sul neurosviluppo
  • Aumentato rischio di alcuni tipi di cancro
  • Criptorchidismo
  • Effetto “obesogeno” favorente la resistenza all’insulina e l’insorgenza di diabete di tipo 2
  • Effetti infiammatori con alterazione della microflora intestinale e possibile interferenza sull’assorbimento di nutrienti

Particolari rischi si verificano per esposizione in utero e in età pediatrica.

COME ADERIRE

COSA METTIAMO A DISPOSIZIONE

  • Alcuni poster che potete stampare ed esporre nei vostri luoghi di vita e di lavoro (uffici, palestre, fabbriche, stabilimenti balneari, rifugi montani, negozi etc.) e diffondere ai vostri conoscenti.
  • Un documento informativo 
  • Un volantino sintetico 
  • Diverse schede diapprofondimento (già disponibili: acqua in bottiglie di plastica, contenitori di plastica, plastica e cosmetica, plastica e bambini, plastica e interferenza endocrina, plastica e fertilità maschile e femminile, PFAS e plastica, plastica e giocattoli, plastica e abbigliamento, plastica e primi 1.000 giorni di vita, SUV e inquinamento da plastica, plastica  e attività sanitaria e plastica nell’attività odontoiatrica). Potete scaricarle collegandovi periodicamente a questa pagina web
  • Elenco dei progetti della Campagna che potrebbero interessarti direttamente

ULTIME NOTIZIE

Acqua del rubinetto o minerale? Un rapporto di ISDE smonta miti e pubblicità

| Ambiente e salute, Campagna plastica, ISDE, Rassegna stampa | No Comments
L’acqua del rubinetto è davvero meno sicura di quella in bottiglia? E quali sono gli impatti ambientali e sanitari legati al consumo di acqua minerale confezionata? A queste domande prova…

Mozziconi di sigaretta e microplastiche: le associazioni mediche scrivono ad ANCI

| Ambiente e salute, Campagna plastica, ISDE | No Comments
In vista della Giornata Mondiale senza Tabacco del 31 maggio 2026, le società scientifiche mediche e le associazioni promotrici della Campagna nazionale di prevenzione dei rischi per la salute da…

Bustine di tè e microplastiche: la nuova scheda sui possibili rischi per salute e ambiente

| Ambiente e salute, Campagna plastica, ISDE | No Comments
Bere tè è un gesto quotidiano per milioni di persone, ma le comuni bustine utilizzate per prepararlo possono rappresentare una fonte di esposizione a micro- e nanoplastiche. È questo il…

Mozziconi di sigaretta: emergenza ambientale e possibili rischi sanitari

| Ambiente e salute, Campagna plastica, ISDE | No Comments
In occasione della Giornata mondiale del mare 2026, ISDE Italia, insieme alle Società scientifiche e alle associazioni aderenti alla Campagna nazionale di prevenzione dei danni alla salute da esposizione alla plastica, pubblica…

Alleanza contro la plastica monouso: Comuni e cittadini uniti per difendere il mare

| Campagna plastica, Comunicati stampa, ISDE | No Comments
In occasione della Giornata nazionale del mare, che si celebra l’11 aprile, nasce una nuova iniziativa per la tutela dell’ambiente marino e della salute: l’Alleanza di città e paesi d’Italia intorno…

Plastica e salute: perché scegliere l’acqua del rubinetto 

| Campagna plastica, Senza categoria | No Comments
In occasione della Giornata mondiale dell’acqua 2026, ISDE Italia, insieme alle Società scientifiche e alle associazioni aderenti alla Campagna nazionale di prevenzione dei danni alla salute da esposizione alla plastica, pubblica il…

COSA PUOI FARE TU

Acqua in bottiglie di plastica

Materiali e oggetti a contatto con gli alimenti (MOCA)

Plastica e interferenza endocrina (disturbo dell’attività degli ormoni)

PFAS e plastica

L’esposizione alla plastica nei primi 1.000 giorni di vita

PER FARMACIE

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50x70

PER SCUOLE

70x100

50x70

PER STRUTTURE PUBBLICHE E PRIVATE

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PER STUDI MEDICI (in inglese)

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    BIBLIOGRAFIA

    Acqua

    1. United Nations Environment Programme (2021). From Pollution to Solution: A global assessment of marine litter and plastic pollution. Nairobi.
    2. Muhib MI, Uddin MK, Rahman MM, Malafaia G. Occurrence of microplastics in tap and bottled water, and food packaging: A narrative review on current knowledge. Sci Total Environ. 2023 Mar 20; 865:161274. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161274. Epub 2022 Dec 29. PMID: 36587673.
    3. Darena Schymanski, Christophe Goldbeck, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Peter Fürst, Analysis of microplastics in water by micro-Raman spectroscopy: Release of plastic particles from different packaging into mineral water. Water Research, Volume 129, 2018, Pages 154-162, ISSN 0043-1354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.011.
    4. Aggazzotto G, Agodi A, Carreri V, Conversano M, De Donno A, Fallico R, Faggioli A, Ferrante M, Francia F, Monarca S, Petronio MG, Sciacca S, Signorelli C, Vinceti M. (A cura del gruppo di lavoro Ambiente e salute della Società Italiana di Igiene). Gestione delle risorse idriche in Italia. Società Editrice Universo, Roma, 2013.
    5. http://www.cheacquabeviamo.it ultimo accesso 11.06.24
    6. Mastrantonio, V. Cordiano, P.Crosignani ed altri, Drinking water contamination from perfuoroalkyl substances (PFAS): an ecological mortality study in the Veneto Region, Italy. Eur.J.Public Health, 1-6, 2017.
    7. Bustaffa E, Minichilli F, Bianchi F: Studi su marcatori di esposizione ed effetto precoce in aree con inquinamento da arsenico: metodi e risultati del progetto SEPIAS, Epid. Prev. Suppl. 1, n. 3-4, anno 38, maggio-agosto 2014.
    8. Numero monografico SENTIERI Mortalità, incidenza oncologica e ricoveri ospedalieri, Roberto Pirastu et al. Epidemiologia & Prevenzione suppl.1, Anno 38(2), marzo-aprile 2014 pag 1-170.
    9. Bottled water for all, all the time? Doctors should follow some US cities in discouraging bottled water consumption. Douglas Kamerow. BMJ 2016; 352:i1214 doi: 10.1136/bmj.i1214 Published 29 February 2016.
    10. Il mercante d’acqua, Francesco Gesualdi, Feltrinelli SuperUE 2007; Ciao Fossili, Luca Lombroso, EdizioniArteStampa 2016; Associazione Yaku. La visione dell’acqua, Edizioni Nova Delphi, Roma, 2011.
    11. Giorgio Temporelli Acqua: Sai Cosa Bevi? Conoscere e usare consapevolmente la più importante risorsa naturale. Pensiero Scientifico Editore  Pag 147, Maggio 2014.
    12. Duccio Facchini L’acqua in bolletta. Il referendum tradito: otto anni dopo l’acqua è ancora una fonte di profitto. Ecco perché. Altreconomia, Marzo 2019, n.213, pag 10-16.

     

    Abbigliamento

    1. Le LT, Nguyen KN, Nguyen PT, Duong HC, Bui XT, Hoang NB, Nghiem LD. Microfibers in laundry wastewater: Problem and solution. Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 15; 852:158412. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158412. Epub 2022 Aug 30. PMID: 36055511.
    2. Landrigan PJ et al. The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health. Annals of Global Health. 2023; 89(1): 23, 1–215. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4056.
    3. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/Microplastics from textiles: towards a circular economy for textiles in Europe.
    4. Eionet Report – ETC/CE 2022/1 February 2022 Microplastic pollution from textile consumption in Europe.
    5. Singh RP, Mishra S, Das AP. Synthetic microfibers: Pollution toxicity and remediation. Chemosphere. 2020 Oct; 257:127199. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127199. Epub 2020 May 25. PMID: 32480092.
    6. https://attivati.greenpeace.it/petizioni/stop-fast-fashion/?utm_term=customer-active&utm_campaign=ret_serv-sost&utm_medium=email&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-8RMOACqMYstIkqz7xici-_k_xMD9bAeaPBbB7y5TRaqxPkhsZuRPpxToFa0-wC449WJEKwMB-OB_jWTemigJVsuNsTnKYa9TfN92PdrRPBSXVIdkU&_hsmi=88211869&utm_content=20240523_ret_serv-sost_newsletter_donors-active&utm_source=hs

     

    Attività Sanitaria

    1. Romanello M, Napoli CD, Green C et al. The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms. Lancet 2023; 402:2346-2394. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01859-7.
    2. Braithwaite J, Glasziou P, Westbrook J. The three numbers you need to know about healthcare: the 60-30-10 Challenge. BMC Med 2020; 18:102. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01859-7.
    3. https://choosingwiselyitaly.org/ (ultimo accesso maggio 2024).
    4. https://choosingwiselyitaly.org/cwi-green/ (ultimo accesso maggio 2024).
    5. https://choosingwiselycanada.org/climate/#recommendations (ultimo accesso maggio 2024).
    6. Eii MN, Walpole S, Aldridge C. Sustainable practice: Prescribing oral over intravenous medications. BMJ 2023; 383:e075297. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-
    7. Gopinath PM, Parvathi VD, Yoghalakshmi N et al. Plastic particles in medicine: A systematic review of exposure and effects to human health. Chemosphere 2022; 303:135227. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135227.
    8. Bortoluzzi F, Sorge A, Vassallo R et al. Sustainability in gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy: position paper from the Italian Association of hospital gastroenterologists and digestive endoscopists (AIGO). Dig Liv Dis 2022; 54: 1623-1629.
    9. Towards PVC-free Healthcare. Health Care without Harm 2023. https://noharm-global.org/documents/Towards-PVC-free-healthcare (ultimo accesso maggio 2024).
    10. Join the #PlasticFreeHealthcare movement – Health Care without Harm Europe https://noharm-europe.org/issues/europe/plasticfreehealthcare (ultimo accesso maggio 2024).

     

    Cosmetici

    1. Zhou, Y., Ashokkumar, V., Amobonye, A., Bhattacharjee, G., Sirohi, R., Singh, V., Flora, G., Kumar, V., Pillai, S., Zhang, Z., & Awasthi, M. K. (2023). Current research trends on cosmetic microplastic pollution and its impacts on the ecosystem: A review. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121106.
    2. Mitrano, D. M., & Wohlleben, W. (2020). Microplastic regulation should be more precise to incentivize both innovation and environmental safety. Nature communications, 11(1), 5324. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19069-1.
    3. Guerranti, C., Martellini, T., Perra, G., Scopetani, C., & Cincinelli, A. (2019). Microplastics in cosmetics: Environmental issues and needs for global bans. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 68, 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.007.
    4. Zhou, X., Wang, G., An, X., Wu, J., Fan, K., Xu, L., Li, C., & Xue, Y. (2022). Polystyrene microplastic particles: In vivo and in vitro ocular surface toxicity assessment.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119126.
    5. Vlacil, A. K., Bänfer, S., Jacob, R., Trippel, N., Kuzu, I., Schieffer, B., & Grote, K. (2021). Polystyrene microplastic particles induce endothelial activation. PloS one, 16(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260181.
    6. Cai, Y., Gu, X., Sun, Z., Xu, Y., Li, J., Pu, L., Ren, J., & Wang, X. (2023). Aging Characteristics and Ecological Effects of Primary Microplastics in Cosmetic Products Under Different Aging Processes. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 110(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03666-5.
    7. Nawalage, N. S. K., & Bellanthudawa, B. K. A. (2022). Synthetic polymers in personal care and cosmetics products (PCCPs) as a source of microplastic (MP) pollution. Marine pollution bulletin, 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113927.
    8. Aristizabal, M., Jiménez-Orrego, K. V., Caicedo-León, M. D., Páez-Cárdenas, L. S., Castellanos-García, I., Villalba-Moreno, D. L., Ramírez-Zuluaga, L. V., Hsu, J. T. S., Jaller, J., & Gold, M. (2024). Microplastics in dermatology: Potential effects on skin homeostasis. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 23(3), 766–772. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.16167.
    9. Winiarska, E., Jutel, M., & Zemelka-Wiacek, M. (2024). The potential impact of nano- and microplastics on human health: Understanding human health risks. Environmental research, 251(Pt 2), 118535. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118535.
    10. Pulvirenti E, Ferrante M, Barbera N, Favara C, Aquilia E, Palella M, Cristaldi A, Conti GO, Fiore M. Effects of Nano and Microplastics on the Inflammatory Process: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Systematic Review. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2022 Oct 19;27(10):287. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2710287.

     

    Danni alla riproduzione

    1. Rangel-Buitrago N, Neal WJ. A geological perspective of plastic pollution. Science of The Total Environment. 2023; 893:164867.
    2. Leslie HA, van Velzen MJM, Brandsma SH, Vethaak AD, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Lamoree MH. Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environ Int. 2022 May; 163:107199. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107199. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
    3. Lim X. Microplastics are everywhere — but are they harmful? Nature 2021; 593:22-25. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01143-3142.
    4. Pulvirenti E, Ferrante M, Barbera N, et al. Effects of Nano and Microplastics on the Inflammatory Process: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Systematic Review. FBL. 2022; 27:287. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2710287.
    5. Montano L, Raimondo S, Piscopo M, Ricciardi M, Guglielmino A, Chamayou S, Gentile R, Gentile M, Rapisarda P, Conti GO, Ferrante M,  Motta O. First evidence of microplastics in human ovarian follicular fluid: an emerging threat to female fertility. 2024 Mar 15;11(3):131. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11030131.
    6. Montano L, Giorgini E, Piscopo M, Notarstefano V, Notari T, Ricciardi M, Motta O. Raman Microspectroscopy evidence of microplastics in human semen, Sci Total Environ 2023 Jul 31;901:165922. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165922.
    7. Hou B, Wang F, Liu T, et al. Reproductive toxicity of polystyrene microplastics: In vivo experimental study on testicular toxicity in mice. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021; 405:124028.
    8. Yifan H, Shengde W, Guanghui W. Adverse effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on the reproductive system: A comprehensive review of fertility and potential harmful interactions. Science of the Total Environment 903 (2023) 166258.
    9. Ding T, Yan W, Zhou T, et al. Endocrine disrupting chemicals impact on ovarian aging: Evidence from epidemiological and experimental evidence. Environmental Pollution. 2022; 305:119269.31.
    10. Levine H, Jørgensen N, Martino-Andrade A, Mendiola J, Weksler-Derri D, Jolles M, et al. Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries. Hum Reprod Update. march 2023;29(2):157–76.8.
    11. Trasande L, Krithivasan R, Park K, Obsekov V, Belliveau M. Chemicals Used in Plastic Materials: An Estimate of the Attributable Disease Burden and Costs in the United States. J Endocr Soc. 2024 Jan 11;8(2): bvad163. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvad163. Erratum in: J Endocr Soc. 2024 Feb 14;8(3): bvae019. PMID: 38213907; PMCI.
    12. Coffin S, Bouwmeester H, Brander S, et al. Development and application of a health-based framework for informing regulatory action in relation to exposure of microplastic particles in California drinking water. Microplastics and Nanoplastics. 2022; 2:12.
    13. Hou B, Wang F, Liu T, et al. Reproductive toxicity of polystyrene microplastics: In vivo experimental study on testicular toxicity in mice. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021; 405:124028.
    14. Zhang C, Chen J, Ma S, et al. Microplastics May Be a Significant Cause of Male Infertility. Am J Mens Health. 2022; 16:15579883221096549.37.
    15. Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, et al. Reproductive toxicity of microplastics in female mice and their offspring from induction of oxidative stress. Environmental Pollution. 2023; 327:121482.38.
    16. Wang J, Li Y, Lu L, et al. Polystyrene microplastics cause tissue damages, sex-specific reproductive disruption and transgenerational effects in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Environ Pollut. 2019; 254:113024.

     

    Giocattoli 

    1. Dauch C, Imwalle M, Ocasio B, Metz AE. The influence of the number of toys in the environment on toddlers’ play. Infant Behav Dev. 2018 Feb; 50:78-87. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.11.005. Epub 2017 Nov 27. PMID: 29190457.
    2. Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play – PMC (nih.gov) Int J Environ Res Public Health.2015 Jun; 12(6): 6475–6505.
    3. Marcel Mathissen, Volker Scheer, et al. Investigation on the potential generation of ultrafine particles from the tire–road interface, Atmospheric Environment,Volume 45, Issue 34, 2011,Pages 6172-6179.
    4. Federico L, Masseroni A, Rizzi C, Villa S. Silent Contamination: The State of the Art, Knowledge Gaps, and a Preliminary Risk Assessment of Tire Particles in Urban Parks. Toxics. 2023 May 9;11(5):445. doi: 10.3390/toxics11050445. PMID: 37235259; PMCID: PMC10221668.
    5. Janvier Munyaneza, Qilong Jia, et al. A review of atmospheric microplastics pollution: In-depth sighting of sources, analytical methods, physiognomies, transport and risks. Science of The Total Environment, Volume 822,2022.
    6. Regolamento UE 2023/2055.
    7. eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52022IP0037 Attuazione della direttiva sulla sicurezza dei giocattoli C 342/99 Mercoledì 16 febbraio 2022 Risoluzione del Parlamento europeo del 16 febbraio 2022 sull’attuazione della direttiva 2009/48/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio sulla sicurezza dei giocattoli (2021/2040(INI)).
    8. Miller GZ, Harris ZE. Hazardous metals in vintage plastic toys measured by a handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. J Environ Health. 2015 Jan-Feb;77(6):8-13; quiz 113. PMID: 25619030.

     

    Interferenza endocrina

    1. Ghassabian A, van den Dries M, Trasande L, Lamballais S, Spaan S, Martinez-Moral MP, Kannan K, Jaddoe VWV, Engel SM, Pronk A, White T, Tiemeier H, Guxens M. Prenatal exposure to common plasticizers: a longitudinal study on phthalates, brain volumetric measures, and IQ in youth. Mol Psychiatry. 2023 Aug 29. doi: 10.1038/s41380-023-02225-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37644173.
    2. Tracey J. Woodruff, Health Effects of Fossil Fuel–Derived Endocrine Disruptors. N Engl J Med 2024;390:922-33.
    3. Heather A. Leslie et al. Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood, Environment International, Volume 163, 2022.
    4. EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafo EFSA Journal. Wiley Online Library, 2016.
    5. Landrigan PJ, Raps H, Cropper M, Bald C, Brunner M, Canonizado EM, Charles D, Chiles TC, Donohue MJ, Enck J, Fenichel P, Fleming LE, Ferrier-Pages C, Fordham R, Gozt A, Griffin C, Hahn ME, Haryanto B, Hixson R, Ianelli H, James BD, Kumar P, Laborde A, Law KL, Martin K, Mu J, Mulders Y, Mustapha A, Niu J, Pahl S, Park Y, Pedrotti M-L, Pitt JA, Ruchirawat M, Seewoo BJ, Spring M, Stegeman JJ, Suk W, Symeonides C, Takada H, Thompson RC, Vicini A, Wang Z, Whitman E, Wirth D, Wolff M, Yousuf AK, Dunlop S. The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health. Annals of Global Health. 2023; 89(1): 23, 1–215. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4056.
    6. Kabir ER, Rahman RS, Rahman I. A Review on Endocrine Disruptors and their possible impacts on human health. Environ Toxicol and Pharmacol, 2015 Jul 40(1),241-58.
    7. P.D. Chemical components of plastics as Endocrine Disruptors: Overview and Commentary. Birth Defect Research, 2020 Oct;112(17):1300-1307.
    8. Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, et al. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol. 2022; 199:115015.
    9. Heindel JJ, Alvarez JA, Atlas E, et al. Obesogens and Obesity: State-of-the-Science and Future Directions Summary from a Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies Workshop. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023;118(1):329-337.
    10. Di Ciaula A, Portincasa P. The role of environmental pollution in endocrine diseases. Endocrinology and systemic diseases. 2021:435-465.
    11. Pinto B e Reali D, Screening of estrogen-like activity of mineral water stored in PET bottles. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol.212, Issue2, 2009.
    12. Wagner M e Oehlmann J, Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: estrogenic activity in the E-Screen. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Volume 127, Issues 1–2, 2011, Pages 128-135.
    13. Ding T, Yan W, Zhou T, et al. Endocrine disrupting chemicals impact on ovarian aging: Evidence from epidemiological and experimental evidence. Environmental Pollution. 2022; 305:119269.3.
    14. Daveport Liam. What’s the disease burder from plastic exposure? Medscape – 11 gennaio 2024.

     

    MOCA

    1. EFSA Materiali a contatto con gli alimenti. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/it/topics/topic/food-contact-materials
    2. MOCA Materiali e Oggetti a Contatto con gli Alimenti: i possibili rischi. A cura di M. Granchi, V. Murgia, V. Romanelli, S. Russo, M. Tommasi, in collaborazione con M. R. Milana, Dipartimento Ambente e Salute dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità.
    3. Food contact materials and chemical contamination. https://www.env-health.org/IMG/pdf/15022016_-_heal_briefing_fcm_final.pdf
    4. Garbuio E. Contaminanti alimentari: sostanze migranti dagli imballaggi. https://thesis.unipd.it/retrieve/503f89b8-74b0-4602-bc85-2a15ab129d9d/garbuio.pdf
    5. Trasande L, Shaffer RM, Sathyanarayana S. Council on environmental health. Food additives and child health. 2018 Aug;142(2):e20181408. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1408.
    6. Bittner GD, Yang CZ, Stoner MA. Estrogenic chemicals often leach from BPA-free plastic products that are replacements for BPA-containing polycarbonate products. Environ Health. 2014 May 28;13(1):41. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-41. PMID: 24886603; PMCID: PMC4063249.
    7. Liping Liu. Release of microplastics from breastmilk storage bags and assessment of intake by infants: A preliminary study. Environmental Pollution vol 323, 15.4.23 ,121197.
    1. Muzeza C, Ngole-Jeme V, Msagati TAM. The Mechanisms of plastic food-packaging monomers’ migration into food matrix and the implications on human health. Foods 2023; 12:3364.
    2. Rudel RA, Gray JM, Engel CL, et al. Food packaging and bisphenol A and bis (2-ethyhexyl) phthalate exposure: findings from a dietary intervention. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119:914-920.
    3. Gerassimidou S, Lanska P, Hahladakis JN, et al. Unpacking the complexity of the PET drink bottles value chain: a chemicals perspective. J Hazard Mater.

     

    PFAS

    1. Biggeri A, Stoppa G, Facciolo L, Fin G, Mancini S, Manno V, Minelli G, Zamagni F, Zamboni M, Catelan D, Bucchi L. All-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in the population of a large Italian area contaminated by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (1980-2018). Environ Health. 2024 Apr 16;23(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01074-2. PMID: 38627679; PMCID: PMC11022451.
    2. Mastrantonio M, Bai E, Uccelli R, Cordiano V, Screpanti A, Crosignani P. Contaminazione dell’acqua potabile da sostanze perfluoroalchiliche (PFAS): uno studio sulla mortalità ecologica nella Regione Veneto, Italia. Eur J Sanità pubblica. 2018 febbraio 1;28(1):180-185. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx066.PMID: 28541558.
    3. LaKind JS, Naiman J, Verner MA, Lévêque L, Fenton S. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in breast milk and infant formula: A global issue. Environ Res. 2023 Feb 15; 219:115042. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115042. Epub 2022 Dec 16. PMID: 36529330; PMCID: PMC9872587.
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